自签名证书

生成自签名证书

生成ca证书

## 生成RSA 私钥
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024	

# 生成ca.csr
# 如不指定 config，手动输入
openssl req -out ca.csr -key ca.key -new -config ./ca_cert.conf

# 生成ca证书
openssl x509 -req -in ca.csr -out ca.crt -sha1 -days 5000 -signkey ca.key

# 证书格式转换
openssl x509 -in ca.crt -outform DER -out TLS.ca_x509.cer

生成server 端证书



## 生成Server私钥
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024

# 生成server.csr
# 如不指定 config，手动输入
openssl req -out server.csr -key server.key -new -config ./server_cert.conf

# 生成server证书
openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -out server.crt -sha1 -CAcreateserial -days 5000 -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key

生成client 端证书


## 生成Client私钥
openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024

# 生成client.csr
# 如不指定 config，手动输入
openssl req -out client.req -key client.key -new -config ./client_cert.conf 

# 生成client证书
openssl x509 -req -in client.req -out client.crt -sha1 -CAcreateserial -days 5000 -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key

openssl rsa -in client.key -out TLS.key_1024 -outform DER


# crt 转 cer
openssl x509 -in ca.crt -outform DER -out TLS.ca_x509.cer

格式转换

1、合并证书和私钥得到p12格式的个人证书
openssl pkcs12 -export -in alicecert.pem -inkey alicekey.pem -certfile cacert.pem -out alice.p12   

2、从p12文件中提取私钥
openssl pkcs12 -in alice.p12 -nocerts -out alicekey.pem  

openssl rsa -in client.key -out TLS.key_1024 -outform DER

可参考：

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/blob/master/demos/certs/mkcerts.sh

config

ca_cert.conf

The sample configuration file to generate the Root CA certificate


#
# OpenSSL example configuration file for automated certificate creation.
#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME or CN
# is undefined.
HOME			= .
CN			= "Not Defined"

# Comment out the next line to ignore configuration errors
config_diagnostics = 1

[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_LOC

[ CA_LOC ]
prompt            = no
dir               = /home/myuser/ca
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial
RANDFILE          = $dir/private/.rand
private_key       = $dir/private/myrootCA.key
certificate       = $dir/certs/myrootCA.crt
crlnumber         = $dir/crlnum
crl               = $dir/crl/mycrl.pem
default_crl_days  = 30
preserve          = no
policy            = policy
default_days      = 365

[ policy ]
commonName              = supplied
stateOrProvinceName     = supplied
countryName             = supplied
emailAddress            = supplied
organizationName        = supplied
organizationalUnitName  = supplied

[ req ]
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name

string_mask         = utf8only
default_md          = sha256
x509_extensions     = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName                     = AB
stateOrProvinceName             = CD
localityName                    = EF_GH
organizationName              = myorg
organizationalUnitName          = myorgunit
commonName                      = mycn
emailAddress                    = myemail@example.com

[ v3_ca ]
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature

server.conf

The sample configuration file to generate the CSR for a server certificate

[ req ]
prompt                 = no
days                   = 365
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions         = v3_req


[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName            = AB
stateOrProvinceName    = CD
localityName           = EFG_HIJ
organizationName       = MyOrg
organizationalUnitName = MyOrgUnit
commonName             = mycommname.com
emailAddress           = emailaddress@myemail.com

[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints       = CA:false
extendedKeyUsage       = serverAuth
subjectAltName         = @sans

[ sans ]
DNS.0 = localhost
DNS.1 = myexampleserver.com

client.conf

The sample configuration file to generate the CSR for a Client certificate

[ req ]
prompt                 = no
days                   = 365
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions         = v3_req


[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName            = AB
stateOrProvinceName    = CD
localityName           = EFG_HIJ
organizationName       = MyOrg
organizationalUnitName = MyOrgUnit
commonName             = mycommname.com
emailAddress           = emailaddress@myemail.com

[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints       = CA:false
extendedKeyUsage       = clientAuth
subjectAltName         = @sans

[ sans ]
DNS.0 = localhost
DNS.1 = myexampleclient.com

openssl 文件配置

该文件主要设置了证书请求、签名、crl相关的配置。主要相关的伪命令为ca和req。对于x509不用该配置文件。

该文件从功能结构上分为4个段落：默认段、ca相关的段、req相关的段、tsa相关的段。每个段中都以name=value的格式定义。

该文件中没有被引用的段被视为忽略段，不会起到任何作用。

每个段中可以书写哪些name以及它们的意义，可以man相关命令，如man ca可以查看ca相关段可以书写的name，man req可以查看req相关段可以书写的name。

该文件主要设置了证书请求、签名、crl相关的配置。主要相关的伪命令为ca和req。对于x509不用该配置文件。

该文件从功能结构上分为4个段落：默认段、ca相关的段、req相关的段、tsa相关的段。每个段中都以name=value的格式定义。

该文件中没有被引用的段被视为忽略段，不会起到任何作用。

每个段中可以书写哪些name以及它们的意义，可以man相关命令，如man ca可以查看ca相关段可以书写的name，man req可以查看req相关段可以书写的name。

默认段

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME			= .

 # Use this in order to automatically load providers.
openssl_conf = openssl_init

# Comment out the next line to ignore configuration errors
config_diagnostics = 1

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
# oid_file       = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions		=
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]
# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

# For FIPS
# Optionally include a file that is generated by the OpenSSL fipsinstall
# application. This file contains configuration data required by the OpenSSL
# fips provider. It contains a named section e.g. [fips_sect] which is
# referenced from the [provider_sect] below.
# Refer to the OpenSSL security policy for more information.
# .include fipsmodule.cnf

[openssl_init]
providers = provider_sect

# List of providers to load
[provider_sect]
default = default_sect
# The fips section name should match the section name inside the
# included fipsmodule.cnf.
# fips = fips_sect

# If no providers are activated explicitly, the default one is activated implicitly.
# See man 7 OSSL_PROVIDER-default for more details.
#
# If you add a section explicitly activating any other provider(s), you most
# probably need to explicitly activate the default provider, otherwise it
# becomes unavailable in openssl.  As a consequence applications depending on
# OpenSSL may not work correctly which could lead to significant system
# problems including inability to remotely access the system.
[default_sect]
# activate = 1

ca相关

####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca	= CA_default		# The default ca section

####################################################################
[ CA_default ]

dir		= ./demoCA		# Where everything is kept
certs		= $dir/certs		# Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir		= $dir/crl		# Where the issued crl are kept
database	= $dir/index.txt	# database index file.
#unique_subject	= no			# Set to 'no' to allow creation of
					# several certs with same subject.
new_certs_dir	= $dir/newcerts		# default place for new certs.

certificate	= $dir/cacert.pem 	# The CA certificate
serial		= $dir/serial 		# The current serial number
crlnumber	= $dir/crlnumber	# the current crl number
					# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl		= $dir/crl.pem 		# The current CRL
private_key	= $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key

x509_extensions	= usr_cert		# The extensions to add to the cert

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt 	= ca_default		# Subject Name options
cert_opt 	= ca_default		# Certificate field options

# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions	= crl_ext

default_days	= 365			# how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30			# how long before next CRL
default_md	= default		# use public key default MD
preserve	= no			# keep passed DN ordering

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy		= policy_match

# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName		= match
stateOrProvinceName	= match
organizationName	= match
organizationalUnitName	= optional
commonName		= supplied
emailAddress		= optional

# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName		= optional
stateOrProvinceName	= optional
localityName		= optional
organizationName	= optional
organizationalUnitName	= optional
commonName		= supplied
emailAddress		= optional

req

####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits		= 2048
default_keyfile 	= privkey.pem
distinguished_name	= req_distinguished_name
attributes		= req_attributes
x509_extensions	= v3_ca	# The extensions to add to the self signed cert

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix	 : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only

# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName			= Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default		= AU
countryName_min			= 2
countryName_max			= 2

stateOrProvinceName		= State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default	= Some-State

localityName			= Locality Name (eg, city)

0.organizationName		= Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default	= Internet Widgits Pty Ltd

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName		= Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default	= World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName		= Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default	=

commonName			= Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_max			= 64

emailAddress			= Email Address
emailAddress_max		= 64

# SET-ex3			= SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword		= A challenge password
challengePassword_min		= 4
challengePassword_max		= 20

unstructuredName		= An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]


# Extensions for a typical CA


# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer

basicConstraints = critical,CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo